¤½¥ÁÂI¹ïÂI¡G¡u®È¹C°f®t¡v ©ìºC´ä¹s°â´_Ĭ
¡i©ú³ø±M°T¡jªñ¤ë¤£¤Ö´ä¤H¦b°²¤é¥_¤W®ø»ºª±¼Ö¡A¦P®É¤º¦a³X´ä®È«È´î¤Ö¡A2023¦~11¤ë¤º¦a³X´ä®È«È¥u«ì´_¦Ü·s«a¬Ì±¡«e¬ù52%¤ô¥¡C¦b¸gÀÙ¥¼§¹¥þ´_Ĭ¤§®É¡A¥»´ä¹s°â·~¥¿±Á{¤£¤Ö¬D¾Ô¡C
¹s°â·~Q&A
Q¡G¹s°â·~¹ï»´äªº¸gÀÙ«n¶Ü¡H
A¡G«n¡A¹s°â·~¬O»´ä¸gÀÙªº«n¤ä¬W¤§¤@¡A¬°»´ä´£¨Ñ¤j¶q´N·~¾¦ì©M°]¬F¦¬¤J¡A¦p2022¦~¬ù26¸U¤H±q¨Æ¹s°â·~¡A¦û¾ãÅé´N·~¤H¼Æ¬ù7.2¢H¡C
Q¡G»´ä¬F©²ªñ¤ë¦³¦ó±¹¬I¹ªÀy®ø¶O¡H
A¡G´ä©²2023¦~9¤ë¤½¥¬¡u»´ä©]Ä}¯É¡v¬¡°Ê¡A¦p¦bÆ[¶í¡B¦èÀô¤ÎÆW¥J®üÀØÁ|¿ì©]¥«(¹Ï)¡B±À¼s¼qµó©]¥«¡B±À°Ê°Ó©±´£¨Ñ¦h¶µÀu´fµ¥¡A¹ªÀy¥«¥Á¥~¥X®ø¶O¡C
³X´ä¤º¦a«È¥¼¹F¬Ì«e¤ô¥
®Ú¾Ú®Èµo§½¼Æ¦r¡A2023¦~11¤ë³X´ä¤º¦a®È«È¬ù243¸U¤H¦¸¡A¸û¬Ì«e2018¦~11¤ë¬ù463¸U¤H¦¸¡A«ì´_¦Ü¬ù52%¤ô¥¡F·í¤¤¹L©]¤º¦a®È«È¬ù106¸U¤H¦¸¡A¸û¬Ì±¡«e2018¦~¦P´Á¬ù165¸U¤H¦¸¡A«ì´_¦Ü¬ù64%¤ô¥¡C
Äݤº¦a®È«È¥~¹C°ª®pªº¤Q¤@¶Àª÷©P¡Aº¤é³X´ä¤º¦a®È«È¤H¼Æ¸û¬Ì±¡«eªº2018¦~¦P´Á´î¥b¡A¾ãÓ¶Àª÷©P¬ù110¸U¤º¦a®È«È³X´ä¡C®È¹C«P¶i·|Á`·F¨Æ±Z©w¨¹¸ÑÄÀ¡A2018¦~°ªÅK»´ä¬q¤Î´ä¯]¿D¤j¾ô³q¨®¡A³X´ä¤º¦a®È«È¯S§O¦h¡A¥[¤W²{®É¤º¦a°ê¤º¹C²±¦æ¡AÄvª§¿E¯P¡A»´ä¨ü¨î©ó¯è¹B¥¼§¹¥þ«ì´_¡A¼vÅT¨Ó¦Û¸û¥_¤èªº¤º¦a®È«È¨Ó´ä¡A³X´ä¤º¦a«È¤H¼Æ¤´»Ý®É«ì´_¦Ü¬Ì«e¤ô¥¡C
¬°ª§¨ú¤º¦a®È«È¨Ó´ä®ø¶O¡A¡m©ú³ø¡n2023¦~12¤ë³ø¹D¡A¬F©²¥¿±´°Q«ì´_¶}©ñ²`¦`¤áÄy©~¥Á¡u¤@ñ¦h¦æ¡v¨Ó´ä±¹¬I¡A¨Ã¤Þz¬F©²®ø®§¤H¤h³zÅS¡A¬F©²¹ï¥ô¦ó¦³§U±À°Ê®È¹Cµo®iªº±¹¬I§¡«ù¶}©ñºA«×¡C¹ê¬F¶ê®à¥ßªk·|ijû¥Ð¥_¨°ªí¥Ü¤ä«ù«ì´_²`¦`©~¥Á¡u¤@ñ¦h¦æ¡v¡A¾Ú¥L¤F¸Ñ¡A¬ÛÃö³¡ªù´¿»P²`¦`·í§½±´°Q¬ÛÃö«Øij¡C¥L»{¬°¡A²{®É´ä¤H¤£®É¥_¤W®ø¶O¡A®Æ«·s¶}©ñ¡u¤@ñ¦h¦æ¡v¡A¦³§U«K§Q²`¦`©~¥Á¨Ó´ä®ø¶O¡A´Á±æª§¨ú¹A¾ä·s¦~«e¸¨¹ê¡C±Z©w¨¹«Øij´ä©²¦Ò¼{ÂX®i¡u¤@ñ¦h¦æ¡v¦Ü¤jÆW°Ï¨ä¥L¤º¦a«°¥«¡A¨Ã¦V¹L©]®È«È´£¨Ñ¥æ³qÀu´f¡u§l«È¡v¡C
¤º¦a«È®È¹C¼Ò¦¡ÅÜ
¤åÅé®È§½ªø·¨¼í¶¯2023¦~10¤ëºÙ¯d·N¨ì³X´ä¤º¦a®È«Èªº®È¹C¼Ò¦¡¦³©ÒÂàÅÜ¡A±q©õ¤éÁʪ«¬°¥D§ï¬°²{®É²`«×¹C¡A¬G®ø¶O§Î¦¡¥ç¦³ÂàÅÜ¡A¹L©¹¨ü´fªº°ø¨×«~°Ó©±«È¸s¸û¬Ì±¡«e¤U¶^¡C±Z©w¨¹³zÅS´¿¨ì³X¶³«n¦èÂùª©¯Ç¡A¯d·N¨ì¤T¥|½u«°¥«¤´¦³¨âÓ¥»´äµÛ¦W«~µP¶i¾n¡A¥[¤WºôÁʲ±¦æ¡A®Æ¤º¦a«È¤£¥Î¦A¸Á¾Ö¨Ó´äÁʪ«¡C
®Èµo§½ªí¥Ü¡AÀH°ªÅK¥X¦æ·U¬y¦æ¡A¤å¤Æ¡BÃÀ³N¤Îºñ¦â®È¹C·U¨üÅwªï¡A¥Dn¬°Áʪ«¦Ó¨Ó´äªº®È«È¤ñ¨Ò§e´î¤ÖÁͶաC®Èµo§½©ó2023¦~¤Q¤@¶Àª÷©P«e»P¤º¦aªÀ¥æ¥¥x¤p¬õ®Ñ±À¥X¡u»´äº©¨B«ü«n¡v¡A±À¤¶5±ø¯S¦â»´ä®È¦æ¸ô½u¡A¦p¥_¨¤¬K¯±µó¹q¨®¸ô¡B¦è¤E¤å¤Æ°Ïµ¥¡A§Æ±æ§l¤Þ¤º¦a«È¨Ó´ä²`«×¹C¡C
´ä¤H¥_¤W®ø¶O¼W
¾Ú²`¦`·s»Dºô³ø¹D¡A2023¦~10¤ë¹L¹Ò²`¦`¹Cª±ªº´ä¤H¦³535¸U¤H¦¸¡A®ø¶OÃB36»õ¤¸¤H¥Á¹ô(¬ù40»õ´ä¤¸)¡A¤H§¡®ø¶O¬ù673¤¸¤H¥Á¹ô(¬ù740´ä¤¸)¡C¥»´ä¦P¤ë¹s°â·~Á`¾P³f»ùÈÁ{®É¦ôp¬°338»õ¤¸¡A¨ä¤¤¹q¾¹¤Î¨ä¥L¥¼¤ÀÃþ@¥Î®ø¶O«~«ö¦~¤U¶^12.5%¡A¶W¯Å¥«³õ³f«~¤U¶^5.8%¡C´ä¤H¥_¤W²`¦`ªº®ø¶Oª÷ÃB¡A¬Ûµ¥¦P´Á¥»´ä®ø¶OÃB¤@¦¨¦h¡C
¬F©²µo¨¥¤Hªí¥Ü¡A¥]¬A²`¦`¦b¤ºªº¾Fªñ¦a°Ïªñ¦~µo®i¤£¤Ö§l¤Þ®ø¶Oªº¥h³B¡A¥[¤W¨â¦a«ì´_«K±¶©¹ÁÙ¡A§Î®e´ä¤H¥_¤W®ø¶O±¡úG¼W¥[ÄÝ¡u¥¿±`¤£¹L¡v¡C²`¦`¥«µo§ï©e2023¦~8¤ë¤½¥¬¡m²`¦`¥«Ãö©ó«P¶i®ø¶OªºY¤z±¹¬I¡n¡A·í¤¤¥]¬A¥[±j¦V´ä¿D¹C«È«Å¶Ç¡A¹ªÀy¦U°Ï¾ã¦X¤Î§ïµ½ÁÒ°ÏÀu½è®È¹C¸ê·½¡A¦V´ä¿D¹C«Èµo©ñ®È¹C®ø¶O¨é¡A¨Ã±À¥X¡u´ä¿D¹C«È®ø¶O¦a¹Ï¡v¡B¡u²`¦`Àu¶Õ²£«~®ø¶O«ü«n¡vµ¥¯S¦â§ð²¤¡A¥H¤Î§¹µ½¸ó¹Ò¤ä¥I¡A¨Ò¦pÂX¤j·L«H»´ä¿ú¥]¡B¤ä¥IÄ_»´ä¿ú¥]µ¥¦b²`¦`¨Ï¥Î½d³ò¡C
¥ßªk·|§åµo¤Î¹s°â¬Éijûªò®a½÷ªí¥Ü¡A»´ä¦b§Kµ|¤è±¤´¦³Ävª§¤O¡A¥[¤W¬O°ê»Ú«°¥«¡A¤£¤Ö¤j«¬«~µP³£·|¦b»´ä²v¥ý±À¥X·s´Ú³f«~¡C¥L»¡¡A»´äªº¸gÀٰʤO¤£¦ü¹w´Á¡A¹s°âªí²{¤@¯ë¡A¥[¤W´ä¤H©P¥½¥_¤W¼é¡A¬F©²»Ý§l¤Þ§ó¦h¤£¦P¦a¤èªº®È«È¨Ó´ä¡A¨ë¿E¸gÀÙ¡C
²`¦`¤j«¬¶W¥«l¥Í°f¦V¥NÁÊ
²`¦`¤j«¬¶W¯Å¥«³õ¤s©i¶W¥«§l¤Þ¤j§å´ä¤HÁʪ«¡A¬Æ¦Ül¥Í¥NÁʹΡC¤s©i¶W¥«¬°¬ü°ê¹s°â°Ó¨Uº¸º¿¤½¥q(Walmart)ºX¤Uªº¤j«¬ÜÀx¦¡¶W¥«¡A°£¤F¹«~¡B®a©~¥Î«~¡AÁÙ¦³¤á¥~¹B°Ê¾¹§÷¤Î¥Î«~¡BÃdª«¥Î«~¤Î¤j«¬¨àµ£ª±¨ãµ¥¡C¦³¶}¿ì¡u¥NÁʹΡvªºt³d¤Hªí¥Ü¡A¦]¤s©i¶W¥«°â½æªº°Ó«~©Ê»ù¤ñ°ª¡A¦Ó¥B´Ú¦¡¤ñ»´ä¶W¥«¦h¡A§l¤Þ¤£¤Ö´ä¤H¤U³æ¥NÁÊ¡A¤j¨üÅwªï¡Cªñ¤é¦³ª½³q¤Ú¤½¥q±À¥X±M½u¡A©ó¥»´äÆp¥Û¤s¡B¤Ùªù¡B¦y¨F¼L¦@10Ó¦aÂI³]¸ó¹Ò¤Ú¤h©¹ªð²`¦`¤s©i¶W¥«¡C¸t½Ï°²´Á¨ì¤º¦a®È¹Cªº¼B¤ó¤@®a¥|¤f¶X¦^´ä«e¨ì¤s©i¡u±½³f¡v¡A¦A§¤±M½u¦^´ä¡C¼B¥ý¥ÍºÙÁʶR¹ª«©M¤é¥Î«~¬°¥D¡A¡u¶R¤F¤@½c©_²§ªG¡A¥u»Ý50¦h¤¸(¤H¥Á¹ô)¡A»´äþ¯à§ä¦³³o»ò«K©y¡A°_½X¶Q¤@¿¡v¡C
·s«°°]¸g¥x©ó2023¦~10¤ë19¤é¦Ü11¤ë5¤é»`¶°4874¥÷ºô¤W°Ý¨÷¡A¥H¤F¸Ñ¬Ì«á´ä¤H®ø¶O¼Ò¦¡¡Aµo²{¹L¥h6Ӥ릳45%¨ü³XªÌ´¿¨ì¤jÆW°Ï¤º¦a«°¥«®ø¶O¡A©Î®È¹C¤@¦Ü¨â¤Ñ¡C¨ü³XªÌªí¥Ü¿ï¾Ü¨ì¤jÆW°Ï¤º¦a«°¥«®ø¶Oªº¥D¦]¬O¡u¾ãÅé©Ê»ù¤ñ°ª¡v¡A¸û¦b´ä§l¤Þ¡A75%¨ü³XªÌºÙ»´ä²£«~¤Ó¶Q¡A51%©M43%¨ü³XªÌ¤À§O»{¬°»´äªºªA°È©MÁʪ«Àô¹Ò¤ñ¤£¤W¤jÆW°Ï¡C
»´äùڥͤj¾Ç¥«³õ¨t§U²z±Ð±ÂñK®aÄQ¤ÀªR¡A²{®É´ä¤¸±j«l¡A¥H©¹¤º¦a¤H¨Ó´ä®ø¶O¡u¦n¦ü¦³§é¦©¡v¡A²{¦bÅܦ¨´ä¤H¨ì¤º¦a®ø¶O¦³§é¦©¡C¥LÄòºÙ¡A¥»´ä®ø¶OªÌ¬Ì¤Uªø®É¶¡¯d´ä¡A¬G±ý©ó¬Ì«á¥~¹C§ä·sÂA·P¡C¤ÏÆ[¥»´ä°Ó³õ©w¦ì±µªñ¡A¤º¦a°Ó³õ¥DÃD¸û¯S§O¡A¥O´ä¤H¦³¡u´M«Õ±´¯µªº¤ßºA¡v¡A¥[¤W²{®É¥æ³q«K§Q¡A¼°ªÅK¨ì¼s¦{¥u»Ý1¤p®É¡A´ä¤H³X¤º¦aªº®É¶¡¦¨¥»°§C¡A§ó¦h¤H·|¨ì¤º¦a®È¹C¡C
¡½ª¾ÃѼW¯q
Áp¶×¤§¤÷¡G´ä¤¸¶×²v¼vÅT»ù®æ®t¶Z
´ä¤H¥_¤W®ø¶O¦¨·¡A¦³¡uÁpô¶×²v¤§¤÷¡v¤§ºÙªº¬è³s¬¡(John Greenwood)¼¶¤å¤ÀªR¡A»´ä»P²`¦`¥X²{¼È®É»ù®æ¿ù¸m(misalignment of prices)¡A¸g¶×²v½Õ¾ã«á¡A¤º¦a»ù®æ¸û¡u¥¿±`ÁʶR¤O¥»ù¡v(Purchasing Power Parity)¤Ï¬Mªº»ù®æ§C¬ù13%¡C´«¨¥¤§¡A¦P¤@³f«~¤º¦a»ù®æ¸û¥»´ä«K©y¡C¥L¹wp¬ü°êÁpÀx§½¶}©l´î®§©Î¥«³õ¹w´Á¨ä´î®§¡A¬ü¤¸¤Î´ä¤¸¥i¯à©ú¦~¤¤ÅãµÛÂà®z¡A²{®É´ä¤¸ÁʶR¤O½Õ¾ã©ÎÄݵu´Á¡C
¡½¼ÒÀÀ¸ÕÃD
ÅU°Ý±Ð®v¡G³¢¦w
(1)®Ú¾Ú¸ê®Æ¡A«ü¥X´ä©²¤@¶µ¹ªÀy¥»¦a®ø¶Oªº¬¡°Ê¡C(1¤À)
(2)°Ñ¦Ò¸ê®Æ¡A¸ÑÄÀ³X´ä¤º¦a®È«È´î¤Ö¹ï»´ä¸gÀÙªº¤@¶µt±¼vÅT¡C(2¤À)
(3)°Ñ¦Ò¸ê®Æ¤Î´N§A©Òª¾¡A¸ÑÄÀ¥»´ä¹s°â·~±¹ïªº¤@¶µ¬D¾Ô©M¤@Ó¾÷¹J¡C(4¤À)
¡½°Ñ¦Òµª®×
(1)¡u»´ä©]Ä}¯É¡v¢A±À¼s¼qµó©]¥«¢A®È¹Cµo®i§½±À¥X¡u»´ä©]ÅW¼Ö¡vÀ\¶¼®ø¶O¨é
(2)³X´ä¤º¦a®È«È´î¤Ö¥´À»»´ä¥Dn¸gÀÙ¤ä¬W¤§¤@¡X¡X®È¹C·~¡A¤£§Q»´ä¸gÀÙµo®i¡C°Ñ¦Ò¸ê®Æ¡A2023¦~11¤ë³X´ä¤º¦a®È«È¬ù243¸U¤H¦¸¡A¸û¬Ì«e2018¦~¦P´Á¬ù463¸U¤H¦¸¡A«ì´_¦Ü¬ù52%¤ô¥¡C¥H©¹¤£¤Ö¤º¦a®È«È·|¦b»´äÁʶR¤j¶q°ø¨×«~¡A¤º¦a®È«È´î¤Ö¨Ï»´ä¹s°â·~ªº¾P°âÃB¤U°¡A´îºC¥»´ä¸gÀÙ¼Wªø¡C
(3)½Ð¬Ýªþ¹Ï¤G
(¥»ºôµoªíªº§@«~Y´£¥X§åµû¡A¦®¦b«ü¥X¬ÛÃö¨î«×¡B¬Fµ¦©Î±¹¬I¦s¦b¿ù»~©Î¯ÊÂI¡A¥Øªº¬O«P¨ÏÁB¥¿©Î®ø°£³o¨Ç¿ù»~©Î¯ÊÂI¡A´`¦Xªk³~®|¤©¥H§ïµ½¡Aµ´µL·N¹Ïº´°Ê¥L¤H¹ï¬F©²©Î¨ä¥LªÀ¸s²£¥Í¼¨«ë¡B¤£º¡©Î¼Ä·N¡C)
[´¼¾Ç¤½¥Á ²Ä078´Á]